Surgery for cancer of the esophagus (Esophageal resection or esophagectomy) remains the treatment of choice for a curative outcome. It is performed in patients who after thorough evaluation are considered appropriate candidates for surgery. Local excision by endoscopic mucosal resection or photodynamic therapy is usually performed for pre-malignant condition of Barrett’s Esophagus with high grade dysplasia / carcinoma in-situ (Stage 0), or early stage localized disease.  In advanced stages, palliative therapy can be done by endoscopic means (i.e., Photodynamic Therapy, laser ablation or stenting).